Blacks and Whites Carnival - in south Colombia
Blacks and Whites' CarnivalBlacks and Whites' Carnival (Spanish: Carnaval de Negros y Blancos), is the largest carnival celebration in south Colombia, its geographical indication belongs to the city of Pasto. It is celebrated from 2 to 7 January of each year and attracts a considerable number of Colombian and foreign tourists.
On 30 September 2009, this Carnival was proclaimed by UNESCO, as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
History
Origins
Strictly speaking, the modern carnival, arise at the dawn of an Epiphany day on 6 January 1912, based on the need to express imagination, play, friendship and sharing the joy that around that time of the year revives. In a fine and exclusive brothel in the city, the House of the Misses Robby located in the Calle Real (Royal Street, current 25th Carrera),
was the place where the audacity of Don Angel Maria Lopez Zarama, renowned tailor of the city, leads him to take the French face powder of one of the most requested ladies and proceeds to gently spread the powder and some woman's perfume among all those present with the slogan ¡Vivan los Blanquitos! (Hurray the Whiteys!).
Then, everyone would go out to repeat the joke with the unsuspecting parishioners exiting the Kings' Mass from the nearby church of San Juan Bautista, repeating: ¡Que vivan los Negros y que vivan los Blancos! (Hurray the Blacks and Hurray the Whites!) that expression under the custody of Galeras was inserted with force and forever into the essence of Pasto.
However, other cultures and expressions have contributed to the formation of the intricate identity of Pasto's Carnival festivities. This fact characterizes and differentiates it between similar expressions.
Its genesis is also rooted in the rituals performed by the Quillacingas, an agrarian culture, which, at harvest time danced honoring the moon and prayed to the sun, asking protection for their crops.
These ancestral celebrations, with the merger and influence of Spanish culture, give rise to syncretism Hispanic-religious, generating early expressions of what will be the Carnaval of Pasto.
In the early 19th century, the colonial authorities banned the holidays to prevent uprisings, by 1834 festivals reappear with , mestizos with masquerades and hullabaloo of neighbors mostly, of course all these parties properly framed in the religious calendar, mainly with the festivities of the of Mercy (24 September) and Immaculate Conception (8 December).
The blackie game origin was a blacks' "asueto" (holiday), originated in the Great Cauca, old region to which belonged Pasto. In 1607 there was a slave rebellion in Remedios, Antioquia, which caused panic among the colonial authorities. This event was remembered by the large black population in Popayán who demanded a day of rest in which they would be truly free. To preserve social peace, the Spanish Crown granted to this end the 5 January:
That news was announced by Proclame in Popayán and thus was 5 January declared free day for people of color, the black population of the capital of Cauca took to the streets dancing to African music and began to paint the famous black-white walls of that town.
Later this custom was watered to the south, taking an unusual strength in the cold city of Pasto, where the chronicler José Maria Córdoba Moure, said that there are traces of it was played as early as 1854.
This is how was configured the genesis of Blacks and Whites' game in Pasto,
and that way would pass its first decade, yet lacking the inclusion of other arts,
as the Great Parade of the floats, the comparsas and murgas, which would gradually will be joining the celebration, to enrich and shape the identity of this peculiar carnival.
Establishment
It wasn't until the mid-1920s when the actual celebration was acquiring its corpus, which merge other instances, dates and places, giving it a more urban and inclusive style. On 6 January 1926, senior students from the high schools and the University of Nariño decided to participate actively in the party, choosing as his queen to Romelia Martinez, and go out through the streets dressed in carnival costumes and dancing to the regional music. That was the first real Parade not of traditional Epiphany but Whites' Day.
At three p.m. when the riders were ready for the parade, a whole family arrived, there was the father, the mother, two girls, two boys, three young men who rode tired nags and who were followed by laborers whom herded the mules charged with trunks, and trying the pigs and sheep did not disband.
The father was an Antioqueño settler traveling with all his family, who after spending many years in the east (Putumayo Department), had decided to leave the jungle to return to "civilized" earth .
Alfredo Torres and Carlos Martínez Arellano Madroñero, parade organizers, ordered, two of the ride to open countryside and no shorts or lazy included the tired travelers among the cavalcade.
The head of the family greeted the crowds who witnessed the passage of the ride.
Then, the historic shout echoed through the city: Viva la Famila Castañeda (Hurray to Castañeda Family!) That was invention of Torres Arellano, worthy of his talent, and passed into posterity as a new and original sign joy. The settler and his people paraded happy and excited, through the streets of the city. The unexpected passengers received the cheers of thousands of Pastusos along roads, Hotel Paris where they would stay. The hotel was located in the Calle Real (Royal Street), where now stands the "Zuchín" building at 25th Carrera between 17th and 18th Streets
squares and avenues of the capital of Nariño.At the end of the parade, members of the Castañeda Family asked to his new friends to accompany them to the
Other versions said the Castañeda family characterized in the comparsas on 4 January is also a cartoon of Bucheli Ayerbe family, one of whose members Don Julian Bucheli Ayerbe, became the first governor of Nariño, at the break of the 20th century.
Until the advent of Carnavalito (Children's Carnival),
The decades of the 1930s and 1940s watched a structured Carnival,
and before the advent of the first heavy industries,
acquires presence and prominence folk art, particularly the creative expression of the artisans represented in monumental paper sculptures,
just like mobile motorized scenarios built on trucks, the famous floats.
End of the Year Carnivals in Colombia
While we have already told you a little about the many festivos that happen in Colombia throughout the year, in this post,
The first of these carnivals is the Feria de Cali,
which takes place from December 25th to December 30th in the city of Cali. On the first day, December 25th, there is the Salsódromo,
where 1250 dancers and 8 floats will open the carnival with a special homage paid to those countries where salsa is ever present.
On the second day of the carnival, December 26th, there is a parade called the Cabalgata,
where around 3000 horses are paraded around a 5km path through the city.
On the third day of the event,
and on the fourth day, December 28th, there is the Cali Viejo celebration, where performers on stilts, carnival queens, flower arrangements,
and salsa dancers will parade through the city.
On December 29th, the fifth day of the celebration, there is a "White Concert" hosted by a departmental liquor company, and on the last day there is the Festival of Orchestras event,
where many well-known musical groups and singers will perform a sort of closing ceremony for the carnival.
and other cultural activities going on all around the city.
For a full list of events during the Feria de Cali,
and for information about purchasing tickets to certain events,
Three days after the Feria de Cali ends, the Carnival of Black and White in Pasto,
the capital city of the department of Nariño.
The Carnival of Black and White takes place during the first week of January,
so in 2014 it will take place from January 2nd to 7th,
with the official "carnival" events taking place January 4th-6th. Even so,
there are some important pre-carnival events that begin as early as December 28th,
such as the Day of the Innocents and the Parade of "Old Years."
The Carnival of Black and White is a product of indigenous celebrations coupled and mixed with Afro-Colombian influences,
and it begins with the Castañeda Family Parade,
a parade filled with elaborate dancers and groups dressed in costumes from previous centuries reenacting the arrival of a generous family—the Castañeda family—to Pasto.
The Game of Black, also known as the "day of black," is celebrated on the second day of this carnival,
and everyone is expected to receive a little bit a black paint to participate in the celebration of humanity where races, social classes,
and economic differences are ignored.
The Magno Day, or "day of white," is celebrated on the last day of the Carnival of Black and White.
the city is covered in white powder and fantasy-like parades can be found all over the city.
Beginning while the Carnival of Black and White are being celebrated,
the Feria de Manizales is the longest of the three celebrations we've mentioned today,
lasting 9 days--January 3rd-12th.
Feria de Sevilla in Spain,
and is the product of a meshing of Andean,
Colombian,
and Mediterranean culture1.
It is,
though,
above all recognized and known both in Colombia as well as around the world for its bull-fighting tradtions1.
During the Feria de Manizales,
you will be able to attend bullfights, watch the International Coffee Queen beauty pageant,
as well as see parades, discover regional handicrafts, attend concerts by well-known Latino artists, and listen to orchestra presentations.
Maturity
In the 1950s,
and thanks to the work of the Master artisan Alfonso Zambrano began a new era of splendor.
During this time,
beginning the Mayor of Pasto (sometimes with participation of the
Government of Nariño)
to take control and organization of the festivities,
especially the appropriation of resources to fund the awards for best floats,
which were extended soon to the comparsas and murgas.
In the late 1960s
the most famous were Venezuelan Los Melódicos,
Billo's Caracas Boys and Ecuadorian Medardo and his Players.
In that years,
Luis Quenguan was the first cameraman,
who made a record in film
(black and white)
of 8 mm, Super 8 and 16 mm of the Carnivals.
In 1966, thanks to Don Mario Fernando Rodriguez, arises in the Bolivar neighborhood, the Carnavalito, or Children's Carnival, this autonomous party will take at least a decade in joining the official program.
Renovation
With the arrival of the Pan-American Highway in the 1970s and the greater inclusion of Pasto in the Colombian economy,
new rhythms and a growing stream cultural advocated by the rediscovery of the
Quillacingas roots following with the activism in the Great Parade or Whites' Day.
Was at that time that the floats were filled with figures and references to various social demands of the Pastusos.
Anyway, in those years was made the first color footage of the parade on 6 January,
again in charge of Master Luis Quenguan.
For the 1980s, the multiplicity of cultural trends around the Carnival and the yuppie style highlights the need for creating a strong Corporation to assume the planning, organizing and executing of this event.
It was planned that the institution had involvement of both the City of Pasto,
as industrial and commercial sector,
artisans and of course,
the academics from the region.
In this decade the populations near Pasto,
some ephemeral as Greens'
Carnival in the city of Ipiales
(now Carnival of the Frontier)
and other more durable as the Reds's Carnival in the city of Buesaco.
The predominant note is that throughout the southwestern region of Colombia,
became widespread festivities that coincided with the end of year celebrations that took borrowed elements of the now popular Blacks and Whites' Carnival.
This reality has two attempts for establishment of an institution to ensure the preservation of the feasts of Pasto,
and the start of the 1990s,
were not fruitful because the various sectors involved don't agree,
it will be the Mayor of Pasto,
which still managed the festival through a special Undersecretary's Office called the Carnival Office,
this office began to concern about the loss of identity of Blacks and Whites' Carnival,
mainly with the massive introduction of the Ecuadorian canned foam.
Was at this time of upheaval, which massifies the use of the now traditional expression: ¡Viva Pasto, Carajo!
(Hurray Pasto, Carajo!)
21st century
Finally, in November 2001,
took priority the construction of the Plaza of Carnival and Culture, signaling the Senda del Carnaval
(Carnival Path)
and the creation of the Corpocarnaval
(Carnival Corporation)
as an entity of private law, associative,
with mixed participation,
for non-profit and common good,
providing adequate and proper conduct of Carnival,
which rescues as: "a transverse cultural playful expression in the urban context"
With these achievements,
began a new era of this event, characterized by the planning, organization,
dissemination,
research and modernization,
taking priority the promotion of culture and addressing controversial issues like whether or not to negotiate the broadcast rights for radio,
television and internet.
Now,
the Blacks and
Whites' Carnival
have been officially included in government plans of the municipality of Pasto,
but managed by an autonomous office,
which had as main project, its recognition and accreditation with the international community and agencies such as the Unesco,
definitively introducing these celebrations in the globalized world, such as Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
This goal was finally achieved on 30 September 2009.
Carnival Stages
The carnival includes four major stages:
the Carnavalito
(Children's Carnival),
the Arrival of the Castaneda Family, Blacks' Day and Whites' Day with the Grand Parade
(this being the most important day for its beauty).
However, it's necessary to consider the pre-carnival activities and in recent years,
7 January is considered another carnival day for Remate
(Finish)
with the celebration of the "Cuy's festival"
when locals and tourists delight the typical dish of the region.
Pre-carnival
starting 7 December with the celebration of the eve of the traditional feast of the Immaculate Conception of Mary or
"Día de las Velitas",
continuing by the celebration of the traditional Novena (16 to 24 December) and the CatholicChristmas, which tends to be extended until the feast of Epiphany or 6 January.
Within this context eminently festive, many secular celebrations are considered a preface to Blacks and Whites' Carnival, and in the city of Pasto is mainly performed on 28 December (All Fools' Day) and 31 (New Year's Eve).
Fools' Day (28 December)
Water Carnival
On 28 December, day of the Holy Innocents some Pastusos play with water in what may be considered a prelude to the January holidays,
imitating carnival customs of the neighboring country of Ecuador where the Carnival of Quito (February or March) is characterized by the use of water fun. What was initially a day to do tricks, practical jokes, and spread hoaxes on the unwary, became a questionable game with water based in the desire to tease or surprise the unsuspecting, innocent pedestrians soaking them completely.This custom is not fully accepted and enjoyed, especially when the average temperature of the city hardly exceeds 55° Fahrenheit. Although the authorities have sought to control through bans to waste water, the most practical solution to combat this phenomenon has found by EMPOPASTO (Pasto Water Company), that day used to perform maintenance work on its two networks, cutting off water supplies throughout the urban area of the municipality, like a big practical joke on the players.
Moreover, since the late twentieth century are advanced alternative activities that seek to provide the public recreation and culture without losing the carnival sense on 28 December among them are the innocent tour and the rainbow on the asphalt.
Rainbow in the Asphalt
In 1996, as a cultural and ecological alternative to the water carnival and collecting student initiatives from to the Arts Department of the University of Nariño, establishing the proposed "Rainbow in the Asphalt". Through art and using the imagination, with the color of chalk on the gray concrete inviting to recover urban space and regain the sense of carnival and celebration. So the pre-carnival in general, has changed, which seek to keep the festive spirit through art, creating a new attitude to the festival and the city.
New Year's Eve Puppets (31 December)
The 31 December of each year, Pasto streets are filled with dolls or puppets made from old clothes, paper and sawdust (formerly gunpowder) to represent the old year which will end at midnight when they are burned in a ritual with remote and deep meanings.
From earlier in the day, kids who go to eager passersby with money requests such as "alms for the old year, please" and "widows" usually represented by men transdressed with dark veils aid request for "decent burial or cremation" of the "deceased year", after midnight. The main event of the day with crowd participation is a competition of the puppets are paraded through the main streets usually represent political allegory, in which year the dying leaves in a "testament" full of ironies, summarizing all that has shown relevant in that year for the city and country. The creators of the best puppets, receive cash prizes.Thus ensuring a healthy and dignified spectacle. The winning design is burned in the Plaza del Carnaval at the end of that day, amid the popular festivities which usually organize the municipal authorities to receive the new year, and may in fact at that time the city begins to be invaded with playful and cathartic spirit of near carnival.
Starting in 2006, was banned the sale of gunpowder in the city, as established by Decree 0207 April 2005 as Mayor of Pasto and Corpocarnaval are the only entities authorized to organize events with fireworks to welcome the new year.
Carnival
Tribute to the Virgin of Mercy, Colonies Parade, and Rock Day (2 January)From 2000, 2 January was added as an official day into the traditional Carnival programing, with several new acts:
Tribute to Our Lady of The Marcy
(The Surprise City, nickname of Pasto).
Traditionally celebrated on 24 September,
now She receives offerings of flowers and serenades from the nearby farmers, in exchange for her blessing on the new year.
Colonies Parade
Full of representations of community residents from other parts of the region or elsewhere in the country. Each with its own identity, the Colonies Parade is an opportunity to showcase the symbols that form part of the intrinsic character of each one.
Pastorock
Pastorock is an event for the development of alternative music: Blues, Rock en Español, Pop, Funk, Ska and Heavy metal.
The permanence of this event for several years in the program has encouraged the emergence of products that combine rock and traditional music inspirations giving birth to new rhythms such as "Son Sureño Punk" and "Metal Pastuso".The Carnavalito (Children's Carnival) (3 January)
3 January is the day of Carnavalito. What began as a game of children imitating their elders, recreating the Whites' day parade, has become an event with an identity and dynamic of its own within the Blacks and Whites' festivities, with strong popular roots and support from the authorities.
From about 40 years ago, in the morning of this day, children have made their own parade of mini-floats, designed and developed by them, in what is an initiation into elaborating floats and street allegories. Over time, the game has changed in parallel with physical and intellectual growth of the small artisans and players, whom at adulthood will participate in the Great Parade of 6 January.
Song to the Earth & Choreographic Collectives
A recent evening parade also takes place on 3 January: it's a tribute to andino sense,the mother land, and ancestral memory, with large groups of musicians and dancers.
Previously all of them marched in the White's Day within the floats,
now only winners of this parade win the right of participate in the Great Parade. It ends in a choreography of brotherhood and a great concert of Latin American music in the Liberty Stadium.
Arrival of the Castañeda Family (4 January)
The traditional parades of the Carnival of Pasto begin commemorating the arrival of the Castañeda Family on 4 January. As stated, the historical tradition indicates that celebrates the arrival of a family of colorful characters who came to Pasto from El Encano or from the east of the country (Putumayo) in 1929.
Although their fate is unknown, it is also suggested that they were on pilgrimage to the Las Lajas south of the department of Nariño.In any case, the characters in this family group, are represented and recreated in the stop of this day as a cartoon family that travels with all his luggage and kitchen utensils to prepare food anywhere in the path and is usually represented with its most picturesque or characteristic things, including the flamboyant grandmother, daughter ready to get married in white but with visible signs of pregnancy and mischievous children (usually characterized adults) who are in trouble their nannies. It doesn't lack the troupe of "burlesque girls" who usually are men transdressed and finally the drunk priest.
The parade can not miss country dance groups and the ñapangas, disguised and authentic, whose picture is linked to the carnival in general.Blacks' Day (5 January)
5 January is devoted to Blacks' Day. This day marks the date when African slaves were free to indulge their playful outbursts, the people play and dance in the streets to paint in black themselves, using cosmetic creams made for this purpose, but also use polishes and siliconed black paint. The motto of that day is: ¡Que vivan los Negros! (Hurray the Blacks!)
By tradition, the Queen of Carnival travels through the city in a convoy, delivering cosmetic and inviting VIPs tourist to join the game under the phrase: ¡Una pintica por favor! (A pintica, please!) which was used in the early days of Carnival.
The importance of this day is all urban Pastusos, vented their repressed desires, since the cosmetic serves like a mask and at the same time to homogenize all social classes and ethnic groups as one great family settled on the slopes of Taita Urcunina.Throughout the day, many orchestras presents in various city parks (tradition adopted in the 1960s) and the local media (radio and TV) are devoted to visiting the various artisan workshops in order to discover the figures which decorate the floats for Whites' Day Great Parade.
Whites' Day (6 January)
On 6 January this city no longer celebrates the Epiphany, but Whites' Day or Great Parade. In contrast to the previous day, on this date, pastusos are painted white generally with talc fragrant, being used very little flour, cream or cosmetic paints.
The main attraction, as well as popular festivals in the squares and streets of the city, is the Grand Parade of nearly 7 km long on a path of about 15 km, running through the streets of downtown,
the Plaza del Carnaval (Carnival Plaza) and some of the avenues of the periphery by the so-called Senda del Carnaval (Carnival Path).The majority of citizens and thousands of tourists and visitors crowd the streets to witness this parade, cheering and throwing confetti or streamers to the participants,
all dancing to traditional and typical songs, such as the famous The Guaneña, El Trompo Sarandengue, The Southern Son, Chambú, Agualongo and the obligatory Sandoná materpiece of bandsman Jorge Mideros; also are performed sayas and generally unpublished Andean compositions that premiere each year. The motto of that day is: ¡Que vivan los Blancos! (Hurray the Whites!) And in recent years has become inevitable to hear the exclamation ¡Viva Pasto, Carajo! (Hurray Pasto, Carajo!), pronounced by locals as well by tourists.
Great Parade (6 January)
The Great Parade consists of:
Individual costumes
Comparsas: costumed groups of artists dancing and traveling on the streets.
Murgas: groups of several dozen musicians.
Mini-floats: Up to 20 x 40 feet high, moved by hand traction or by bicycle.
Floats: Up to 50 x 65 feet long, taken up by trucks or trailers, where troupes made up of tourists who pay the right of way for participating in them, carry a costume that identifies each carriage. These massive structures are characterized by large rolling allegorical figures or caricatures with articulated movement (forward deployed by the Master Alfonso Zambrano), by design, finishing and complexity can become true works of art. This part of the parade is led by carnival queen in her own float (out of competition).
The event culminates with the awards to participants in the parade by the local government and Corpocarnaval. The originality and quality of such expressions is evaluated by a national panel of experts (sometimes international), with knowledge in visual arts and to ensure not only fairness but winning the Float than is the most colorful and representative of the carnival.
Rural Culture & Cuy's Festival (7 January)
This day is devoted to Remate (Finish) the Carnival with the celebration of "Cuy's day" when locals and tourists delight the typical dish of the region, also many of them visit the near Guamuez Lake, and Obonuco and Catambuco rural fairs.
The Artisans or Carnival Cultores
The term "Carnival Cultores" is a neologism in evolution that links the terms "Culture" and "Actors", and identified in the first place to the traditional "Carnival Artisans", but wanted to be extend to other people participating in parades through other modalities.
Traditionally has been used the word artisan to describe first, the creators of the floats, ignoring their families and partners involved in the preparation of the figures of Great Parade. However, various sectors support this word must be replaced by "Cultores" or "Carnival Artists", not only for being more inclusive, but also due to the professional and artistic value of work performed into finishing floats.
Currently the Carnival Cultores are organized into two major associations: Asoarca and Caminantes del Carnaval (Carnival Walkers), the first one comprises mainly the creators of the floats, while the second belong to partipantes in walking patterns.
i am not responsible Of any Mistake / USE Of any Kind of Bad Words { Wording } / Any Word
Copy Write All ideas Picture & Articles / Data From Google , Wikipedia & Google Sites & Google Others Web Sites
Thanks Read
Always Remember me in your Payers
Muhammad Younis
Trekker & Mountaineer
Comments
Post a Comment