Mardi Gras
Mardi Gras (/ˈmɑːrdiɡrɑː/), also called Shrove Tuesday, or Fat Tuesday,in English,
refers to events of the Carnival celebrations, beginning on or after the Christian feasts of the Epiphany
(Three Kings Day)
and culminating on the day before Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras is French for
"Fat Tuesday",
reflecting the practice of the last night of eating richer,
fatty foods before the ritual fasting of the Lenten season.
Related popular practices are associated with Shrovetide celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent.
In countries such as England, Mardi Gras is also known as Shrove Tuesday, which is derived from the word shrive, meaning "confess".
Traditions
Popular practices on Mardi Gras include wearing masks and costumes,
overturning social conventions, dancing, sports competitions, parades, debauchery, etc.
Similar expressions to Mardi Gras appear in other European languages sharing the Christian tradition, as it is associated with the religious requirement for confession before Lent begins.
In many areas, the term "Mardi Gras" has come to mean the whole period of activity related to the celebratory events, beyond just the single day. In some American cities, it is now called "Mardi Gras Day".
TWednesday.Others treat the final three-day period before Ash Wednesday as the Mardi Gras.
he festival season varies from city to city, as some traditions, such as the one in New Orleans, Louisiana,
consider Mardi Gras to stretch the entire period from Twelfth Night (the last night of Christmas which begins Epiphany) to Ash
In Mobile, Alabama, Mardi Gras-associated social events begin in November,
followed by mystic society balls on Thanksgiving,then New Year's Eve, followed by parades and balls in January and February,
celebrating up to midnight before Ash Wednesday. In earlier times, parades were held on New Year's Day.
Other cities famous for Mardi Gras celebrations include Rio de Janeiro; Barranquilla, Colombia; George Town, Cayman Islands; Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago; Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Mazatlán, and Sinaloa, Mexico.
Carnival is an important celebration in Anglican and Catholic European nations.
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the week before Ash Wednesday is called
"Shrovetide",
ending on Shrove Tuesday.
It has its popular celebratory aspects, as well.
Pancakes are a traditional food.
Pancakes and related fried breads or pastries made with sugar, fat,
and eggs are also traditionally consumed at this time in many parts of Latin America and the Caribbean.
Australia
In Sydney, a parade is held, known as the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, or simply
"Mardi Gras".
The event started as an attempt to bring about public acceptance of homosexuality and as a retaliation to police brutality in the 1970s.
Belgium
In the Belgian city of Binche, the Mardi Gras festival is one of the most important days of the year and the summit of the Carnival of Binche. Around 1000 Gilles dance throughout the city from morning until past dusk, whilst traditional carnival songs play.
In 2003, the "Carnival of Binche" was proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Brazil
Main article: Brazilian Carnival
Carnival is the most famous Brazilian holiday.
During this time,
Brazil attracts 70% of its tourists.
Variations in carnival celebrations are observed throughout the multitude of Brazilian cities.
Yet, a commonality observed among them is the incorporation of samba into the celebrations.
The southeastern cities of Brazil have massive parades that take place in large sambadromes.
The Rio Carnival is where two million people celebrate in the city.
The city of Salvador holds a very large carnival celebration where millions of people celebrate the party in the streets of the city with a very big diversity of musical styles together.
Cayman Islands
Cayman Mardi Gras 2016 Official Logo.
Cayman Mardi Gras has now been recognised as one of the island's national festivals.
Celebrating the traditional Fat Tuesday,
they also host a festive Monday Food Festival as well as an all day EDM Ash Wednesday.
The event attracts thousands of attendees during the 3 day festival and includes a line up of international celebrities and performers.
The Cayman Mardi Gras Festival is slowly becoming a major tourist attraction to the island nation and with the large international presence will attract bigger performing names in the future.
Colombia
Carnaval de Barranquilla is Colombia's Mardi Gras celebration. In 2003, it was proclaimed as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic it is a folk tradition to celebrate Mardi Gras, which is called Masopust (meat-fast i.e. beginning of fast there). Main celebration is in Prague.
Germany
Main articles: Karneval, Fasching and Fastnacht
The celebration on the same day in Germany knows many different terms,
such as Schmutziger Donnerstag or Fetter Donnerstag
(Fat Thursday),
Unsinniger Donnerstag, Weiberfastnacht,
Greesentag and others, and are often only one part of the whole carnival events during one or even two weeks before Ash Wednesday be called Karneval,
Fasching,
or Fastnacht among others, depending on the region.
In standard German, schmutzig means "dirty",
but in the Alemannic dialects schmotzig means "lard" (Schmalz),
or "fat";
"Greasy Thursday",
as remaining winter stores of lard and butter used to be consumed at that time,
before the fasting began. Fastnacht means
"Eve
of the
Fast",
but all three terms cover the whole carnival season.
The traditional start of the carnival season is on
November 11 at 11:11 am (11/11 11:11).
Italy
In Italy Mardi Gras is called Martedì Grasso
(Fat Tuesday).
It's the main day of Carnival along with the Thursday before,
called Giovedí Grasso
(Fat Thursday),
which ratifies the start of the celebrations.
The most famous Carnivals in Italy are in Venice,
Viareggio and Ivrea. Ivrea has the characteristic
"Battle of Oranges"
that finds its roots in medieval times.
The Italian version of the festival is spelled Carnevale.[citation needed]
Netherlands
Main article: Carnival in the Netherlands
The Netherlands also has a festival similar to Mardi Gras.
It's called Carnaval and is similar to the Venice Carnival.
The origin of the word Carnaval is carnem levare which means
"to take away meat"
in Latin, or carne vale,
Latin for "farewell to meat".
It marks the beginning of Lent leading up to Easter.
The carnival in the Netherlands is mainly held in the southern part of the Netherlands in the provinces of Noord-Brabant and Limburg,
some parts of
Zeeland
and in eastern parts of Twente and
Gelderland.
As with many popular festivals, people tend to loosen some moral codes and become laid-back or loose,
which is based in the ancient
role-reversal
origins of Carnaval,
including dressing in costumes.
Sweden
In Sweden the celebration is called Fettisdagen,
when you eat fastlagsbulle,
more commonly called Semla.
The name comes from the words "fett"
(fat) and
"tisdag"
(Tuesday).
Originally,
this was the
only day one
should eat fastlagsbullar.
United States
While not observed nationally throughout the United States,
a number of traditionally ethnic French cities and regions in the country have notable celebrations. Mardi Gras arrived in North America as a French Catholic tradition with the Le Moyne brothers,
Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville and Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville,
in the late 17th century,
when King Louis XIV sent the pair to defend France's claim on the territory of Louisiane,
which included what are now the
U.S. states
of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana
and part of eastern Texas.
The expedition,
led by Iberville,
entered the mouth of the
Mississippi River on the
evening of March 2, 1699
(new style),
Lundi Gras.
They did not yet know it was the river explored and claimed for France by
René-Robert Cavelier,
Sieur de La Salle in 1683.
The party proceeded upstream to a place on the east bank about
60 miles downriver
from where New Orleans is today,
and made camp.
This was on March 3, 1699, Mardi Gras,
so in honour of this holiday,
Iberville named the spot Point du Mardi Gras
(French: "Mardi Gras Point")
and called the nearby tributary Bayou Mardi Gras.
Bienville went on to found the settlement of Mobile,
Alabama in 1702 as the first capital of French Louisiana.In 1703 French settlers in Mobile established the first organised Mardi Gras celebration tradition in what was to become the United States.
The first informal mystic society,
or krewe,
was formed in Mobile in 1711,
the Boeuf Gras Society. By 1720, Biloxi had been made capital of Louisiana.
The French Mardi Gras customs had accompanied the colonists who settled there
In 1723, the capital of Louisiana was moved to New Orleans, founded in 1718.
The first Mardi Gras parade held in New Orleans is recorded to have taken place in 1837.
The tradition in New Orleans expanded to the point that it became synonymous with the city in popular perception,
and embraced by residents of New Orleans beyond those of French or Catholic heritage. Mardi Gras celebrations are part of the basis of the slogan,
Laissez les bons temps rouler,
(Let the good times roll).
[not in citation given]
On Mardi Gras Day, the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, the last parades of the season wrap up and the celebrations come to a close with the Meeting of the Courts (aka the Rex Ball locally).
Other cities along the Gulf Coast with early French colonial heritage, from Pensacola, Florida; Galveston, Texas; to Lake Charles and Lafayette, Louisiana; and north to Natchez, Mississippi, have active Mardi Gras celebrations.
In the rural Acadiana area,
many Cajuns celebrate with the Courir de Mardi Gras,
a tradition that dates to medieval celebrations in France. The American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival created an album in 1972 called Mardi Gras.
Mardi Gras (/ˈmɑːrdiɡrɑː/), also called Shrove Tuesday, or Fat Tuesday,in English,
(Three Kings Day)
and culminating on the day before Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras is French for
"Fat Tuesday",
reflecting the practice of the last night of eating richer,
fatty foods before the ritual fasting of the Lenten season.
Related popular practices are associated with Shrovetide celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent.
In countries such as England, Mardi Gras is also known as Shrove Tuesday, which is derived from the word shrive, meaning "confess".
Traditions
Popular practices on Mardi Gras include wearing masks and costumes,
Similar expressions to Mardi Gras appear in other European languages sharing the Christian tradition, as it is associated with the religious requirement for confession before Lent begins.
In many areas, the term "Mardi Gras" has come to mean the whole period of activity related to the celebratory events, beyond just the single day. In some American cities, it is now called "Mardi Gras Day".
TWednesday.Others treat the final three-day period before Ash Wednesday as the Mardi Gras.
consider Mardi Gras to stretch the entire period from Twelfth Night (the last night of Christmas which begins Epiphany) to Ash
In Mobile, Alabama, Mardi Gras-associated social events begin in November,
followed by mystic society balls on Thanksgiving,then New Year's Eve, followed by parades and balls in January and February,
celebrating up to midnight before Ash Wednesday. In earlier times, parades were held on New Year's Day.
Other cities famous for Mardi Gras celebrations include Rio de Janeiro; Barranquilla, Colombia; George Town, Cayman Islands; Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago; Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Mazatlán, and Sinaloa, Mexico.
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the week before Ash Wednesday is called
"Shrovetide",
ending on Shrove Tuesday.
It has its popular celebratory aspects, as well.
Pancakes are a traditional food.
Pancakes and related fried breads or pastries made with sugar, fat,
and eggs are also traditionally consumed at this time in many parts of Latin America and the Caribbean.
Australia
In Sydney, a parade is held, known as the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, or simply
"Mardi Gras".
The event started as an attempt to bring about public acceptance of homosexuality and as a retaliation to police brutality in the 1970s.
Belgium
In the Belgian city of Binche, the Mardi Gras festival is one of the most important days of the year and the summit of the Carnival of Binche. Around 1000 Gilles dance throughout the city from morning until past dusk, whilst traditional carnival songs play.
In 2003, the "Carnival of Binche" was proclaimed one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Brazil
Main article: Brazilian Carnival
Carnival is the most famous Brazilian holiday.
Brazil attracts 70% of its tourists.
Variations in carnival celebrations are observed throughout the multitude of Brazilian cities.
Yet, a commonality observed among them is the incorporation of samba into the celebrations.
The southeastern cities of Brazil have massive parades that take place in large sambadromes.
The Rio Carnival is where two million people celebrate in the city.
The city of Salvador holds a very large carnival celebration where millions of people celebrate the party in the streets of the city with a very big diversity of musical styles together.
Cayman Islands
Cayman Mardi Gras 2016 Official Logo.
Cayman Mardi Gras has now been recognised as one of the island's national festivals.
they also host a festive Monday Food Festival as well as an all day EDM Ash Wednesday.
The event attracts thousands of attendees during the 3 day festival and includes a line up of international celebrities and performers.
The Cayman Mardi Gras Festival is slowly becoming a major tourist attraction to the island nation and with the large international presence will attract bigger performing names in the future.
Colombia
Carnaval de Barranquilla is Colombia's Mardi Gras celebration. In 2003, it was proclaimed as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Czech Republic
In the Czech Republic it is a folk tradition to celebrate Mardi Gras, which is called Masopust (meat-fast i.e. beginning of fast there). Main celebration is in Prague.
Germany
Main articles: Karneval, Fasching and Fastnacht
The celebration on the same day in Germany knows many different terms,
(Fat Thursday),
Unsinniger Donnerstag, Weiberfastnacht,
Greesentag and others, and are often only one part of the whole carnival events during one or even two weeks before Ash Wednesday be called Karneval,
Fasching,
or Fastnacht among others, depending on the region.
In standard German, schmutzig means "dirty",
but in the Alemannic dialects schmotzig means "lard" (Schmalz),
or "fat";
"Greasy Thursday",
before the fasting began. Fastnacht means
"Eve
of the
Fast",
but all three terms cover the whole carnival season.
The traditional start of the carnival season is on
November 11 at 11:11 am (11/11 11:11).
Italy
In Italy Mardi Gras is called Martedì Grasso
(Fat Tuesday).
called Giovedí Grasso
(Fat Thursday),
which ratifies the start of the celebrations.
The most famous Carnivals in Italy are in Venice,
Viareggio and Ivrea. Ivrea has the characteristic
"Battle of Oranges"
that finds its roots in medieval times.
The Italian version of the festival is spelled Carnevale.[citation needed]
Netherlands
Main article: Carnival in the Netherlands
The Netherlands also has a festival similar to Mardi Gras.
The origin of the word Carnaval is carnem levare which means
"to take away meat"
in Latin, or carne vale,
Latin for "farewell to meat".
It marks the beginning of Lent leading up to Easter.
The carnival in the Netherlands is mainly held in the southern part of the Netherlands in the provinces of Noord-Brabant and Limburg,
Zeeland
and in eastern parts of Twente and
Gelderland.
As with many popular festivals, people tend to loosen some moral codes and become laid-back or loose,
which is based in the ancient
role-reversal
origins of Carnaval,
including dressing in costumes.
Sweden
In Sweden the celebration is called Fettisdagen,
more commonly called Semla.
The name comes from the words "fett"
(fat) and
"tisdag"
(Tuesday).
Originally,
this was the
only day one
should eat fastlagsbullar.
United States
While not observed nationally throughout the United States,
Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville and Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville,
in the late 17th century,
when King Louis XIV sent the pair to defend France's claim on the territory of Louisiane,
U.S. states
of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana
and part of eastern Texas.
The expedition,
led by Iberville,
entered the mouth of the
Mississippi River on the
evening of March 2, 1699
(new style),
Lundi Gras.
They did not yet know it was the river explored and claimed for France by
René-Robert Cavelier,
Sieur de La Salle in 1683.
60 miles downriver
from where New Orleans is today,
and made camp.
This was on March 3, 1699, Mardi Gras,
so in honour of this holiday,
Iberville named the spot Point du Mardi Gras
(French: "Mardi Gras Point")
Bienville went on to found the settlement of Mobile,
Alabama in 1702 as the first capital of French Louisiana.In 1703 French settlers in Mobile established the first organised Mardi Gras celebration tradition in what was to become the United States.
The first informal mystic society,
or krewe,
was formed in Mobile in 1711,
the Boeuf Gras Society. By 1720, Biloxi had been made capital of Louisiana.
The French Mardi Gras customs had accompanied the colonists who settled there
In 1723, the capital of Louisiana was moved to New Orleans, founded in 1718.
The first Mardi Gras parade held in New Orleans is recorded to have taken place in 1837.
and embraced by residents of New Orleans beyond those of French or Catholic heritage. Mardi Gras celebrations are part of the basis of the slogan,
Laissez les bons temps rouler,
(Let the good times roll).
[not in citation given]
On Mardi Gras Day, the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, the last parades of the season wrap up and the celebrations come to a close with the Meeting of the Courts (aka the Rex Ball locally).
Other cities along the Gulf Coast with early French colonial heritage, from Pensacola, Florida; Galveston, Texas; to Lake Charles and Lafayette, Louisiana; and north to Natchez, Mississippi, have active Mardi Gras celebrations.In the rural Acadiana area,
many Cajuns celebrate with the Courir de Mardi Gras,
a tradition that dates to medieval celebrations in France. The American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival created an album in 1972 called Mardi Gras.
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